Appendix A. Sources of Toxicity Values
Section 5.1.1 discusses choosing among toxicity valuesDerived values (for example, reference doses and slope factors) that can be used to estimate the incidence or potential for adverse human health effects in receptor (USEPA 2015h). from multiple sources and references this table. In addition, Section 5.2.1 discusses understanding uncertaintyThe lack of perfect knowledge of values or parameters used in a risk assessment. Uncertainty may be reduced by collection of additional data. in the toxicity values and references this table.
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Name |
Regulatory Agency |
Available Toxicity Value |
Review Process |
Additional Notes |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Noncancer Oral |
Noncancer Inhalation |
Cancer Oral |
Cancer Inhalation |
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Federal |
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USEPA |
RfD |
RfC |
SF |
UR |
Rigorous review process which includes: internal agency review, inter-agency science consultation, independent external review, public comment, inter-agency science discussion, and final approval by the Office of Research and Development |
Intended for use by all USEPA programs |
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|
USEPA (Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center for the USEPA Superfund Program) |
RfD |
RfC |
SF |
UR |
Internal review by USEPA scientists followed by external peer-review by independent scientific experts |
Revised Health Effects Assessment Summary Table (HEAST) values are values that have been derived as per the request of Regional Superfund Offices for chemicals that are not covered under IRIS In 2009, for certain PPRTV assessments, screening toxicity values were appended. While these values have utility for screening purposes, caution should be taken when using these screening toxicity values to support final remedial action decisions. Similar to IRIS assessment but does not go through as rigorous review. |
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|
US Department of Health and Human Services |
MRL1,2 |
MRL1,3 |
-- |
-- |
Rigorous review process which includes: Human Health Effects/MRL workgroup within the Division of Toxicology & Environmental Medicine; expert panel of peer reviewers; agency wide MRL workgroup (participation from other federal agencies) |
MRLs set below levels that may cause adverse human health effectsTypically defined as an incremental lifetime cancer risk (for example, exceeding a range of 1E-4 to 1E-6) or a hazard quotient or hazard index (for example, one). in sensitive sub-populations Not intended to define clean-up or action levels Serve as screening values Does not provide cancer toxicity values
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USEPA (Superfund and RCRA) hazardous waste programs |
RfD |
RfC |
SF |
UR |
Updated regularly from the early to mid-1990s; known as the Quarterly; Last update was 1998 |
Historical database of human health toxicity values |
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|
State |
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|
Cal EPA |
ChRFD; PHG4 |
REL |
SF5 |
UR5 |
Submitted for public comments and external peer-review |
Developed by the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) under SB32, the California Land Environmental Restoration and Reuse Act |
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Energy and Environmental Affairs Risk Assessment Web Site (MADEP 2014) |
Mass DEP |
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|
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Peer-reviewed within the Office of Research and Standards |
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Health Risk Values & Health Risk Limits (MPCA 2014) |
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency |
HRL/RfD (noncancer) |
HRV/RfC (noncancer) |
HRL/SF (cancer) |
HRV/UR (cancer) |
Have adopted the USEPA guidelines for derivation and review |
For air and water; derived with stakeholder involvement |
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|
Toxicity Values (used to develop Soil Cleanup Objectives) |
New York State DEC |
RfD |
RfC |
SF |
UR |
Selected from values published by established regulatory agencies; acute internally and externally reviewed |
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|
Toxicity Factors |
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality |
RfD |
ReV |
SF |
URF |
Developed and reviewed by TCEQ toxicologists; posted for public review and comment and internally revised prior to finalizing the toxicity factors. |
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International |
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(WHO 2013) |
WHO |
TDI |
TC |
-- |
-- |
Document is first reviewed by IPCS followed by international peer-review which is then proceeded by final review by the Review Board |
Can be used in conjunction with the Environmental Health Criteria documents |
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|
(Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment 2013) |
RIVM |
TDI |
TCA |
CR |
CR |
International committee of experts has reviewed the existing toxicological reviews for substances for which an MPR is to be developed |
Provisional and temporary values presented |
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|
Health Canada |
TDI; ADI |
TC |
SF |
UR |
Sources of TRVs include: Health Canada Water Quality; Health Canada Priority Assessments Program; US USEPA IRIS; Cal EPA; WHO; ATSDR |
-- |
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Publication Date: January 2015